Standard PCIe boards incorporate a 4-layer stack-up with two interior power planes and two signal layers on each surface. A PCB impedance calculator is an essential tool for designing stackup structures during the planning stage of layout design. Using a power plane as signal reference. A schematic diagram is a representation of the elements of a system using abstract and graphic symbols. 0994mm vs. Differential pair into PCB calculator. Herndon's (Apple) paper from DesignCon 2003 "Noise Allocation for Near-end Crosstalk and for Uncertainty in Characteristic Impedance". The PCB : 4 layers, 1mm thick, designed for JLCPCB's impedance controlled stackup JLC7828. 5oz to 2oz), and minimal spacing between layers to 3mil. 2104mm inner Layer Core> inner Layer The Impedance Calculator evaluates single-ended and differential impedance for various impedance models. Allegro ® layout editors – Allegro ® PCB Editor and Allegro ® Package Designer Plus – include a spreadsheet-based user interface, Cross-section Editor to help you define an accurate layer stackup with. These reflections are referred to as ringing. 6 layer stack-up with power ground and signal layers. It provides vital information like material thickness and copper weights. An impedance calculator is integrated within this tool which you can use to compute the necessary impedance, trace width, and spacing values for any signal layer. 5 oz) and 1. The JLCPCB Impedance Calculator computes track width values and recommended stack-ups from user-input values of board thickness, copper weight, layer,. IPC-A-600 Inspectors. 6-layer rigid-flex stack-up: 6 layers with 3rd and 4th layers as flex. Either the desired impedance at a specific frequency is used to determine the waveguide width, or the width is entered and the impedance is calculated. AS9100D – Military & Aerospace. This new release builds on the familiar ease of use of the popular In-Circuit Design online Impedance Calculator that has been utilized by tens of thousands of Engineers and PCB Designers world wide since 1996. For an embedded (internal) microstrip, the formulas provided in paragraph 4. The following is the usual FPC stackup information. The grid of layers is divided into 2 regions, the layers in the stackup are displayed on the left, then for each signal layer in the stackup there is a layer displayed in the. PCB stackups are created by using combinations of the aforementioned four types of transmission lines. Multi-layer. 3 mm min holes and 0. Figure 3. 87 mil) is nominal thickness of 7628 prepreg. And that they have the same separation from each other along the entire length of the line. Link to PCB stackup Speedstack enhanced with Projects; Via stub checks; Via pad/antipad coaxial calculation . Atlas Si for Touchstone – PCB Insertion loss processing with Delta-L 4. If you need custom FPC stackup, please make note and we will manufacture according to your requirement. PCB core material. While this calculator will provide a baseline, any final design considerations should be made towards loss, dispersion, copper roughness, phase shift, etc. TWL1200 PCB design, the chosen dielectric material is FR-4. Place the ground plane 1 dielectric away from signal and power planes. Step 1: PCB schematic creation. 9 is an example of the amount of information that must be included in the stackup drawing to insure the PCB is correctly fabricated. 4-Layer Impedance Control Stackup Thickness Outer Copper Weight inner Copper Weight 1) No requirement Stackup Layer Material Type Thickness Layer Copper 0. Sierra Circuits is capable of fabricating circuit boards with a tolerance of ± 5% for controlled impedance. Design and stackup in altium, For ex: 8 layers and impedance control of 100 ohms on layer 2 and 7 and ask your fabricator to suggest a stackup for same 8 layers and trace impedance of 100 ohms for layer 2 and 7 and compare the values. An impedance calculator is integrated within this tool which you can use to compute the necessary impedance, trace width, and spacing values for any signal layer. Modify the variables to examine the effects on the trace characteristic impedance. Advice for 90 Ohm traces of a USB 2. Different copper profiles in PCB. ENGLAND . trace geometry, and use this to calculate. Controlling the impedance in your design is dependent on the board layer stackup you choose. 2mm. Stack-up assistance included. Assembly solutions: Sourcing parts, design assistance, board population, prototype testing, component obsolescence management, and aftermarket services. Bandwidth Calculator & Max PCB Trace Length Calculator. Arrange the ground plane 1 dielectric away from signal and power planes. Our Impedance Calculator is based on 2D numerical solutions of Maxwell’s equations for PCB transmission lines. Good tensile strength: Even though they are flexible, polyimide board materials have commendable tensile strength. The JLCPCB Impedance Calculator computes track width values and recommended stack-ups from user-input values of board layer,. Watch this Stackup Designer and Impedance Calculator demo in which our design team shows you the best features of our PCB tools. ; 2. The Layer Stack Manager dialog allows you to configure the layers of the board. Layout engineers will design the layout based on the stack-up design, including settings such as line width, line spacing, and differential routing. 6. Layer 6 - Signal/Power. 1. Prepreg. If you’ve created a complete stackup table, then you can include your impedance control spec as a note for your PCB manufacturer. 25. Talk to a Sierra Circuits PCB Expert today. Sierra Circuits has developed 3 such essential HDI standard board tools for designing standard and HDI boards. The Simbeor impedance calculator calculates the width(s) required to achieve the specified impedance. Consider the following points to limit the flexible PCB errors in the bend areas: Avoid 90-degree bends. It allows both impedance calculation and layer stackup/build up documentation. Main features of this Stackup Designer tool: The stripline impedance calculator provided below is useful for gaining an initial estimate of trace impedance for striplines. Step 1 Calculate singled ended impedance for each: Use "impedance + trace space" from top drop down box: Set Z=50R, click single ened, gives a result of track. 4. It is challenging to identify the ideal material to facilitate high-speed and HDI applications. Polar UK: Speedstack PCB – PCB stackup / Impedance field solver package. Hence, there is a lower chance of contamination or corrosion. Cost increases with the number of layers because of more production steps, more materials, and additional production time. Field solvers. To be successful, they require a thorough understanding of the fabrication process of the PCB and the materials used therein. 05 (Compatible with Atlas versions up to v19. they normally use 7. 010" to get a ratio of 0. T= Experimental temperature. By understanding the microstrip transmission line, designers can. The following is the usual stackup information(4,6,8 layer PCB standard stackup), which also can be used as stackup of impedances. But if your stackup is such that one signal and one plane layer are a pair on either side of one of the original thin panels. Reference layer. Next, input the following the parameters: Frequency (f) Resistance (R) Capacitance (C) Inductance (L) The units of these parameters can be changed using the respective drop-downs. The manufacturer will test the impedance on a test coupon. For the PCB design engineer today, there is a lot that needs to be considered when creating a PCB design. In a traditional PCB design, the designer specifies the width/clearance of the trace to satisfy the current/voltage requirements. Based on my understanding of a 4-layer stack-up, one of the best set-up I chose is 8 mil trace space and 10 mil trace thickness. controlled impedance structures to the stackup model. • Choose a suitable board stack-up that supports 75 Ωsingle-ended trace and 100 Ωcoupled differential characteristic impedance trace routing. 6. Changing the stackup and copper ground plane location will change the trace geometry required to maintain the right impedance value during routing. Many will also be able to include an impedance test coupon on each panel that they fabricate - this can be used to measure the real impedances. Critical Length. But every design seeks a different thickness. Developing an efficient stackup is a complicated process championed by innovative companies such as Candor, a leading PCB manufacturer. Unit: Options are mm, mil, μm, and inch. The characteristics of the high-speed PCB materials impact heat dissipation, signal transmission, and signal. Off the top of my head, I can think of Polar and z-calc but I never liked these. The differential tracks should match this impedance. I'm designing a custom PCB around the Raspberry Pi RP2040 MCU. 2116 Prepreg 4. Layer 3 - Signal/Power. Using the goal seeking facilities of the field solver to obtain the correct impedance for a structure. To validate the trace width and spacing in your design, use the Better DFM tool. Ansys RedHawk. Altium Designer’s differential line impedance calculator will set up your impedance-controlled differential pair routing widths for you. Consider Figure 2 below: Figure 2Z-Planner Enterprise is a PCB stackup planning calculator which includes a field solver, loss-planning calculator and a dielectric materials library. If you have copper fill on other layers, you can tie them to. g. There are in general two approaches to create a PCB stackup, known as controlled stackup and controlled impedance. I'm confused, because when i use jlcpcb impedance calculator to calculate 50 ohm SE traces for high speed data, I end up with. 2. PCB impedance and loss-planning tutorial. 6 mm. Voltages above these levels are considered hazardous, and that is why these designs are regarded as high voltage. ] [use a calculator. 033 inches. Following images present PCBWay's default layers stack. The tool calculated impedance at 50 ohms for my stackup but it complains that it violates an IPC-2141A constraint where trace height over trace width must be less than or equal to 0. Call us: +1 (800) 763-7503 Email us: through our Customer Care form. Linked to our 2D field solver-based impedance calculator to design high-speed traces; See what Laurent Nicolet has to say about the future of PCB etching. Atlas Si for Touchstone – PCB Insertion loss processing with Delta-L 4. A PCB impedance calculation generally refers to the task of calculating trace impedance, or transmission line impedance, based on the stackup and material configuration used in your design. Board designers can focus on reducing via diameter to enhance routing. Controlled impedance. 3) You mentioned controlled impedance line, but forget the effect of SMD pads. Introducing the industry's first 3D web-based printed circuit board stackup design tool. The DRC system can help you avoid some design. This integrated pcb stackup calculator streamlines impedance optimization for high-speed designs. Dimension:There are many calculators available online, as well as built into your PCB design software. 10 layer PCB stack-up . 2 Foreword the theoretical, but also the practical elements. PCB manufacturing tolerances with respect to material thickness. mm. The stackup defines what layers are in your PCB, what thickness each layer of copper is, and what the thicknesses of the cores or substrates between the copper layers are. 7 design rules to reduce crosstalk in your PCB designs. If your design has controlled impedance traces, you can use our built-in impedance calculator. It is called ‘turnkey’ as PCBA. Contents. 1. Build a model from experimental data of impedance vs. 3. Best schematic design practices. POWER L4. Automated tracking of glass-reinforcement pitch — for mitigating glass-weave skew (aka: fiber-weave effect). The target impedance value of a design is given by the equation: = ( V x ripple%) / ( 50% x Imax) The formula represents a combination of voltage fluctuation and transient current. 1. Use 3. Testing and examining a PCB after manufacturing is a pivotal factor in procuring a flawless design. Impedance Control; Impedance Calculation;. 3. The PCB material will be FR-4 with 1. Call us: +1 (800) 763-7503 Email us:. The PCB layer stack-up calculator is a powerful tool for modern electronics design. Gnd plane is also well connected (I carved the PCB to make sure vias connected to it). Layer 1 - Signal/Power. The copper thicknesses of the inner and outer layers are 0. It is a full-featured Excel-based tool that helps plan the PCB stack-up so that controlled impedance traces can be effectively implemented. Via stitching is implemented for various reasons. I am designing a USB-hub that has many USB traces. Procedure to use the calculator: 1. Stack-ups, also known as build-ups, carry the details of trace width for different controlled impedance traces such as 50 ohms or 100 ohms differential. Board thickness (h) = 50 micron. as i think it can do. Fortunately, there are PCB design tools like Altium Designer ® that can help you. For very high speed, such as 10G protocols. Altium Designer includes a PCB trace impedance calculator, PCB trace width calculator under IPC 2152, and a plethora of other important design tools. The surface finish is neglected. Checking Impedance in Your PCB Layout. Tool also recommends the stack-up based on the selected BGA pattern. With the ever-increasing edge rates, accurate loss, and impedance calculations with actual dielectric materials, data are imperative to getting the stackup right the first time. Add a damping resistor near the source. But this needs to be done in a proper way, according to the stack-up that contains certain requirements like impedance, number of layers, thickness of the PCB, etc. The IPC-2141 trace Impedance calculator will help make initial design easier by allowing the user to input basic parameters and get a calculated impedance according to the IPC-2141 standard. Contents. Note: The results are only for approximation and rough estimation, the final values and the. But I'm unsure if the Height I entered is. JLCPCB Impedance Calculator. Controlled impedance routing in HDI boards requires an accurate impedance calculator in your layer stack manager. Additionally, for Flex-Rigid design, you can add sub-layer stacks for different board regions. 1. It includes a link and license for Polar’s Si8000m, using the proven Polar Si8000m multiple dielectric boundary element field solver to. A stack-up describes the construction of a multilayer board in sequential order. Stripline routing has a big advantage in being sandwiched between two ground planes. A hybrid stackup construction enhances your PCB’s performance and cost-effectiveness by combining different materials or technologies. Email us: through our Customer Care form. Each layer in your PCB plays a specific role in determining electrical behavior. 3. Microstrip Impedance Calculator. It should include impedance value, trace width, differential pair spacing, and the layer on which the controlled impedance traces are routed. IPC 7351 standard defines the size, shape, and tolerance for the surface mount pads that go on your board. He added, “Designers today understand why controlled impedance really matters. It renders accurate results suitable for use in circuit board manufacturing and. The stack-up operator places the copper foil (layer 4 in the above image) and prepreg sheets on a heavy steel base plate. Improve the mechanical strength of vias and pads. Changing the stack-up will affect the calculated trace width for impedance-controlled traces; however it will not automatically update existing traces. 1. It is necessary to verify that PDN in a high-speed design PCB has appropriate decoupling ─ this is a parasitic effect. Technical Report. For your convenience, we have designed an Impedance Calculator to help you calculate the impedance and the trace width you require. 4-Layer Impedance Control Stackup. PCBWay's Standard PCB Layer Stack-up. The toolset that is used to create the stackup then uses Maxwell’s equations to precisely calculate parasitic inductance and parasitic capacitance. Let the PCB manufacturer know of your intention to request the manufacture of a 6-layer board. Factors like the length of the trace, the width of the trace, the thickness of the trace, and the height of the trace from the ground plane influence the controlled impedance. Follow IPC-2220, IPC-2226 standards if you. 7mil) / Track Gap 8 mil / Dielectric thickness 2x 0. 5(double-sided PCB) 7628 Prepreg 4. Design and stackup in altium, For ex: 8 layers and impedance control of 100 ohms on layer 2 and 7 and ask your fabricator to suggest a stackup for same 8 layers and trace impedance of 100 ohms for layer 2 and 7 and compare the values. Impedance Calculator Talk to a Sierra Circuits PCB Expert today. The first goal in stackup design is to determine the number of signal layers you'll need to support high speed routing for all your interfaces. Make sure you use an accurate tool like this before you start building your stackup as this can help you identify the best laminate materials to use for your target impedance and. Notice that there is no impedance information on the stackup drawing. 8-layer HDI stack-up generated using Stackup Designer. Gerber files. Copper thickness (t) = 18 micron. Design for manufacturing (DFM) guidelines resolves potential issues that can occur during the manufacturing and assembly of circuit boards. A cross-hatch plane is shown in the image below. Single ended. Leave enough space between traces and ask the manufacturer for controlled. It enables engineers and designers to understand and control the intricate aspects of PCB layout. Planning Your High Speed PCB Stackup and Impedance. You can then use a stripline or microstrip impedance calculator to estimate your line impedance. 2116 Prepreg 4. The ‘ripple%’ points to the maximum voltage deviation. What results are slight changes of the stackup and the relevant conductor geometries. 010” and the thickness of the rigid stiffeners range from 0. Sierra Circuits’ Via Impedance Calculator uses the physical dimensions of a via to calculate its capacitance, inductance, and impedance. Dielectric constant = 3. 5 techniques to reduce ringing in PCB designs. The material used is FR-4 with a Dk of 4. 2 is an example of the amount of. PCB manufacturing materials and the configuration of the board layer stackup will have a major effect on your impedance and PCB etching. Connections are formed in the copper layer (s) as conductive traces by etching away (removing) unwanted copper. 7 mil (0. The trace impedance or PCB impedance damages the integrity of both analog and digital signals. 3) to calculate trace width and. 2. For example, if you are using 1 oz of copper for a 1 sq ft area, the thickness of copper is 1 oz. (1/2 oz) for signal layers, and 1. I used the KiCAD PCB calculator, asked the PCB manufacturer about the tangent loss (0. 01) and dielectric constant (3. The stack-up designates the materials to be used for the manufacture of a multilayer circuit board. Abstract. 0 for analysis with Si9000e. One thing is for sure: When you are routing a high-speed PCB design you are going to be working with. If you require a controlled impedance PCB, you should discuss this with your PCB fabricator. The simplest way for a controlled impedance is to just calculate some track width, (and gap for differential pairs), send the geometry to any PCB manufacturer and hope for the best. Modeling approximation can be used to design the microstrip trace. We will assume here that both of the lines of the pair are identical and uniform. Once you know the characteristic impedance, the differential. PCB Laminates & Materials Impedance calculators: Using the data created by the layer stackup generator, the impedance calculator will give you the correct width for your controlled impedance lines. The standard copper weight we use is 1 oz or 1. Based on the design requirements, HDI printed circuit boards can employ different layering techniques to achieve the desired performance. It is a full-featured Excel-based tool that helps plan the PCB stack-up so that controlled impedance traces can be effectively implemented. PCB Multi-Layer Stack-Up; PCB Design and Layout Guidelines; Basics of Control Impedance; Search articles: « Older Posts. This will help to maintain a low impedance and short return loops. It is the ratio of voltage and current amplitudes of a single wave propagating along the line in the absence of reflections from other directions. Contents. Achieving a critically damped state in the transmission line is crucial to achieving the fastest settling time without overshoot or oscillation. 4 1 0 4 42. A PCB's impedance depends on trace geometry, materials, and layer configuration. Calculating Impedance in PCB Stackups. What designers need to help them create the right layer stackup for their PCB design. To help designers, multiple PCB design tools have come up with various constraint management settings. There are a few methods for calculating trace impedance in a circuit board as long as the dielectric constant and trace geometry are known: Use the IPC-2141 equation for microstrip or stripline impedances. To elaborate, the number of layers on top of the core should be equal to the layers on the bottom. Here’s what Rick Hartley had to say. It has been correlated many times. Below is an example of an impedance. on layer 3 from the top, between power and ground plane. The advantage of HDI is higher yield due to better control of drill to copper and use of traces above 3 mils. A coplanar waveguide calculator will operate in one of two ways. Some fabricators can advise on track geometries if you supply them with your preferred stackup. Getting a good PCB with accurate controlled impedances needs a proper selection of PCB material and control of dimensions such as trace thickness, trace width, and dielectric thickness. Flex thickness x 6. You can see in this. Some fabricators can advise on track geometries if you supply them with your preferred stackup. View All Tools. Note that the built-in impedance calculator does not account for the affect of vias, it assumes lossless transference from one signal layer to the next. . Note: The trace on the inner layer need to be much wider than the trace on the outer. FYI, I followed 2nd option and values were quite similar. In the below graph, you can see that the elongation is directly proportional to the stress. Either the desired impedance at a specific frequency is used to determine the waveguide width, or the width is entered and the impedance is calculated. A PCB transmission line is a type of interconnection used for moving signals from the transmitters to the receivers on a circuit board. By understanding the microstrip transmission line, designers can. The calculator is set up to handle an asymmetric arrangement, where traces are not centrally located in the PCB layer stack. Many factors impact high-speed, serial interface signal integrity, for example, insertion loss (IL), insertion loss deviation (ILD), return loss (RL), crosstalk, and mode conversion. In other special cases or Advanced PCBs (you need to choose " Additional Options" and custom stackup or control impedance): 1. Get the answers to your questions about High Density PCBs with our FAQs from Sierra Circuits, the leading HDI PCB manufacturer in. You can see for example, Matthew K. Enter the relative permitivity, width of the trace, the ground plane spacing, and the substrate thickness to calculate the characteristic impedance. Using this application, you can quickly identify the thermal resistance of a single or a combination of vias. Dimension:If you require a controlled impedance PCB, you should discuss this with your PCB fabricator. Warning Are you sure to logout ? First Name [ Required ]:. 2. 6 for 7628) 3313 thinner prepreg between top layer and inner layer (0. I'hv already checked on Saturn PCB Design tool. Using a power plane as signal reference. PCB. Any discontinuity at any point will affect the uniformity of the characteristic impedance and cause reflections. The formula for microstrip trace impedance is: Z = 87 * (W / H) ΩThis means that the actual trace width for a 50 ohm line could vary from design to design. 3D PCB editor Easy to use Printed Circuit Board Editor. Selecting and routing on prepreg vs. Viewed 318 times. You’ve probably also seen some calculators. Although JLCPCB can produce boards with 2 oz external copper, the calculator only supports 1 oz because (1) the wider tolerance of 2 oz traces hinders impedance control, and (2) most signal traces only carries small currents. To summarise, in order to get the optimal HDI PCB cost, one has to consider several factors such as yield, material type, via drilling methods, and imaging. PCBway 4-layer PCB Stackup (FR4, 1. A PCB stackup positions a PCB’s insulators and copper in layers before the final layout design is complete. Modified 2 years, 4 months ago. 0. 2mm, copper thickness from 18μm to 210μm (0. When reading some discussions on the internet, many use the JLC7628 stackup. PCB stands for printed circuit board, a board of lines and pads that connect different points. It is performed to achieve maximum power transfer and reduce the signal reflections from the load. Type of epoxy glass to be used. The next important part of the electronic circuit design process is to draw the schematic diagram using EDA tools like Altium, KiCAD, and Cadence Allegro. This simple impedance calculator had a number of limitations, including requiring return paths to be implemented by plane layers, only supporting symmetrical stripline board structures and no support for differential impedance calculations. This was a four-layer flex board with ZIF connectors requiring controlled impedance. 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. The standard 4-layer stackup uses two inner layers for power and ground, and the two outer layers are for components and trace routing. Before starting the layout design, it is necessary to have a stackup design and to set up the layout. As the usual thickness of a PCB is 0. See full list on resources. 5(double-sided PCB) 7628 Prepreg 4. For your convenience, we have designed an Impedance Calculator to help you calculate the impedance and the trace width you require. According to the Altium Designer, stack-up tool’s impedance calculator, the impedance of trace 3 is 50Ω. IPC 2141 Trace Impedance Calculator. Type of PCB Differential Impedance (Ohms) Standard PCB: 100: PCI-SIG bus Gen 1: 85: PCI-SIG bus Gen 2: 85:. Above image illustrates all traces on this large PCB are the same size. 4+6+4 HDI stackup Layer buildup/stackup reference. The preferred equation used for calculating impedance is repeated here in Equation 1. Here are some of the patent-pending analysis features in Z-zero software: Loss planning, including copper roughness — Layer by layer calculation of loss as a function of geometry, Df, copper roughness on both sides and frequency. The Speedstack MaterialsThe PCB is designed and formed as a stack of layers. You will typically want to include the following information: Trace width you’ve determined for a required single-ended impedance. High speed measurement tools. Similar to the Saturn tool, this capability allows you to experiment with the stackup and track dimensions to estimate impedances. Other aspects such as stack-up and material selection also play crucial. 5 mil (0. Signal problems can abound when trace width values are incorrectly specified in high-speed PCBs. Impedance calculators: Using the data created by the layer stackup generator, the impedance calculator will give you the correct width for your controlled impedance lines. If it is different, you need to increase the length of shorter track to match with the longer track. L1=Ground, L2=signal/transmission lines, L3=signal, L4=Power. 1 Prepregs 2. It enables engineers and designers to understand and control the intricate aspects of PCB layout. with the following layout parameters (width|space|width): Ohm. The relationship between these tools usually goes further than that though with this data also being made available to other portions of the system to configure design rules. The Altium Stackup Manager not only allows you to define the stackup, but you can also create impedance profiles for various SE and DIFF impedances. To estimate the cost of your PCB design optimization, you can use a PCB design software tool, such as KiCad. Stack Exchange Network. It is generally accepted to keep the gold thickness to 2-4 μin, as per the IPC-4552 ENIG. I dont know which calculator is correct or how incorrect each one is respectively. The material thickness between layers 1 – 2 should be 4 mils, max. Sierra Circuits leads the industry in quality and turnaround times. FYI, I followed 2nd option and values were quite similar. This technique ensures accuracy even when dealing with the smallest of sizes. Using this technique, you can combine both analog (RF) and digital circuits onto a single board. Time Domain Reflectometer (TDR) impedance measurements are essential for ensuring signal integrity in your design. Review: A new PCB stack-up design and impedance calculator is available for download from Istvan Nagy (see link below). Sampson Guernsey Channel Islands . The dialog can be used in two modes: Simple or Advanced. PCB Stackup or Buildup – a brief history. Using the built-in Simbeor ® impedance calculator, the PCB editor's Layer Stack Manager calculates the trace width needed to deliver the specified impedance. PCB Coplanar Waveguide Calculator RF. Configuring the PCB for Controlled Impedance Routing. 1. PCB Layer Calculation and Documentation Tool User Guide . For components running at 5 V or 3. The build-up provides the following information: The copper thickness and weight. I am going to route Ethernet differential par in a four layer PCB which contains Top, PWR planes, GND plane and Bottom stackup. The iCD Stackup Planner features a precision 2D Boundary Element Method (BEM) Field Solver providing customers with the accuracy and simulation speed they need for high-speed PCB Design. PCB Trace Width Calculator. Since it directly references the stackup information and has a.